About

A Cornish HEMA club, teaching the art of the sword since 2014

I Capitolo Primo The Master

Fiore dei Liberi

Italian knight, diplomat, master‑at‑arms · c. 1350 — c. 1420.

Fiore was an Italian knight, diplomat, and master‑at‑arms. Born in Cividale del Friuli, he trained under masters both Italian and German and spent four decades honing his art through teaching, duelling, and battlefield experience.

Around 1409, Fiore compiled his masterwork: Fior di Battaglia — The Flower of Battle. This illustrated fighting treatise is one of the most complete martial arts manuals to survive from the medieval period. At least four manuscript copies are known today, held in the Getty Museum, the Morgan Library, the Pisani‑Dossi collection, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Fiore's system is remarkably comprehensive. It begins with abrazare (wrestling), then progresses through the dagger, longsword in one and two hands, spear, and pollaxe. Each weapon builds on the principles of those before it. The system covers both armoured and unarmoured combat, making it a complete curriculum for the medieval combatant.

What makes Fiore's work exceptional is not just its breadth but its pedagogy. He organises his techniques into plays: flowing sequences that demonstrate how one action leads naturally to another. His seven swords and twelve guards form a coherent framework that makes a 600‑year‑old system accessible to modern practitioners.

Explore the full timeline of Fiore's life and legacy →

Vox Magistri · The Master's Voice

Few in the world will themselves become a master. And wishing that I be remembered as such, I will make a book of all the art.
— Fiore dei Liberi, Getty MS · Endpiece, Folio 46v
II Capitolo Secondo The Four Virtues

The Four Virtues

Prudentia · Audatia · Fortitudo · Celeritas — the four animals every fighter must hold within.

IPrudentia

Prudentia

Sighting · The Lynx

“No creature sees better than me, the Lynx. And I always know my angles and distance.”

— Fiore dei Liberi, Getty MS · Segno Page, Folio 32r

Lince

Lynx

IIAudatia

Audatia

Boldness · The Lion

“There are none more than me, the Lion, to bring a daring heart, for I invite all to do battle.”

— Fiore dei Liberi, Getty MS · Segno Page, Folio 32r

Leone

Lion

IIIFortitudo

Fortitudo

Fortitude · The Elephant

“I am the Elephant and I carry a castle for my load. And I do not kneel or lose my footing.”

— Fiore dei Liberi, Getty MS · Segno Page, Folio 32r

Elefante

Elephant

IVCeleritas

Celeritas

Speed · The Tiger

“I am the Tiger, so quick to run and turn that lightning from the sky cannot overtake me.”

— Fiore dei Liberi, Getty MS · Segno Page, Folio 32r

Tigre

Tiger

III Capitolo Terzo What We Study

What is HEMA?

Historical European Martial Arts — the forgotten fighting traditions of Europe.

Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) is the study and practice of European fighting systems as documented in historical sources. Unlike many modern martial arts, HEMA is directly rooted in primary texts: the treatises, manuals, and fight books written by the masters themselves.

HEMA has grown rapidly worldwide since the early 2000s, with practitioners studying everything from Viking‑era combat to Renaissance rapier. The community is united by a commitment to evidence‑based martial practice, rigorous training, and respect for historical sources.

At HEMA Penzance, we focus specifically on the Italian tradition of Fiore dei Liberi, studying his complete system as a living martial art. Training is physical, technical, and grounded in the historical text.

IV Capitolo Quarto The Club

Our School

Penzance, Cornwall · est. 2014.

HEMA Penzance is the longest‑running HEMA club in West Cornwall, established in 2014 by Steve Kemp and Andrew Elcox. Nobody gets paid to run the club. We do it because we believe in the art.

We train every Tuesday evening at Penzance Leisure Centre. Sessions run from 7pm to 9pm and cost £7.00, with your first lesson completely free. All training equipment is provided by the club.

We are fully insured, and after your third paying lesson (approximately one month), the club provides your personal yearly insurance at no additional cost.

Whether you are a complete beginner or have experience in other martial arts, you are welcome. Come along, watch a session, or jump straight in.

V Capitolo Quinto The Masters

Your Instructors

Steve and Andrew, who have taught the art here since 2014.

Steve Kemp, co-founder and instructor of HEMA Penzance

Steve Kemp

Co-founder & Instructor

Steve has been studying and practising the fighting system of Fiore dei Liberi for over two decades. He discovered the world of Historical European Martial Arts around 2000, at a time when a broken hand was keeping him off the mats. A friend handed him a stack of literature about medieval European fighting systems, and something clicked immediately:

“It was this whole world of European martial arts that no one knows about.”

He began training in HEMA around 2003 and has been immersed in Fiore's system ever since. He can walk you through every section of the Fior di Battaglia: from the unarmed wrestling through the dagger, longsword in two hands and one, spear, and pollaxe. He knows how to read the manuscript illustrations — where the crowns and garters mark the masters, scholars, and counter-masters at each level of the art — and he understands how Fiore's plays flow from one position into the next.

Before HEMA, Steve spent years in other martial arts. He has practised since the age of ten, holds multiple black belts, and trained in Wing Chun, judo, jujitsu, and karate. He used to teach self-defence to doormen in London. That breadth of practical combat experience gives his teaching a directness that is hard to find elsewhere. When Steve teaches you a technique from the manuscript, he is not guessing whether it works. He has tested it against resisting opponents across multiple disciplines for decades.

In those early HEMA years, Steve trained the members of The Exiles, the HEMA network that has since grown into the largest in the UK with clubs from Bromley up to Carlisle — all of them, like us, studying the system of Fiore. The connection is one of family.

He co-founded HEMA Penzance in 2014 with one aim: to teach Fiore's complete system as a real, living martial art. Not a re-enactment hobby, not a costume exercise. A martial art with real contact, real pressure, and real intent. His philosophy is direct:

“When we train, it is 1410.”

Steve has a gift for making the art accessible. In a 2023 interview on BBC Radio Cornwall, he explained Fiore's grappling-based sword system by referencing the moment in a film where two swordsmen are locked face to face: “This is the bit where Fiore teaches you to beat this man.” Then he taught the radio presenter a dagger disarm live on air. That is Steve: encyclopaedic knowledge of the source material, real combat experience to back it up, and the ability to make you understand it in thirty seconds.

Steve was interviewed by Julie Skentelbery on BBC Radio Cornwall in July 2023. You can listen to the full interview on BBC Sounds.

Andrew Elcox, co-founder and instructor of HEMA Penzance

Andrew Elcox

Co-founder & Instructor

Andrew co-founded the club alongside Steve in 2014. He is an exceptional swordsman and one of those rare people who lives and breathes the art completely. Ask him about any passage in Fiore's manuscripts and he will quote it back to you virtually word for word. That kind of knowledge does not come from reading alone. It comes from decades of putting steel in hand and testing every word on the page.

His deep understanding of the source material is what gives the club its edge. When Andrew teaches a technique, he can tell you exactly why it works, where it sits in the system, and what the master was thinking when he wrote it down. The difference between learning a movement and understanding a movement is everything in martial arts. Andrew teaches understanding.

Fiore's system is built on principles that connect across every weapon. The same concepts that govern the unarmed grapple govern the dagger, the longsword, and the pollaxe. Andrew sees those connections instinctively and teaches them in a way that makes the whole system come alive. When he quotes Fiore in a session, it is not for show. It is because the master's own words are still the best way to explain what you are about to learn.

Vienite a Imparare Come and Learn

Train with us in Penzance

Every Tuesday evening, we keep this art alive — longsword in hand, in good company. Your first lesson is free, and all training equipment is provided.